:root {
      --paper:#ffffff;--ink:#292723;--soft:#4e4b47;--muted:#756f68;--line:#e9e4df;
      --teal:#a3563f;--teal-dark:#823f2f;--tint:#faf5f1;--tint-strong:#f3e6dc;
      --code:#fbf8f5;--code-line:#eee5df;--width:812px;--gutter:clamp(19px,4.5vw,35px);
      --serif:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
      --sans:"Source Sans 3",Arial,sans-serif;
      --mono:"Source Code Pro",ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;
    }
    *,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
    html{background:var(--paper);scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:60px;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
    body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:18px;line-height:1.64;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
    ::selection{background:#f2ddd0}
    a{color:var(--teal);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.16em}
    a:hover{color:var(--teal-dark)}
    a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:4px}
    img{max-width:100%;height:auto}
    p{margin:0;text-wrap:pretty}
    strong{font-weight:600}
    .wrap{max-width:calc(var(--width) + 2 * var(--gutter));padding:0 var(--gutter);margin:auto}
    .site-nav{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
    .nav-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;min-height:49px}
    .wordmark{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--teal);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
    .nav-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 20px;align-items:center}
    .nav-links a{color:var(--soft);text-decoration:none}
    .nav-links a:hover{color:var(--teal)}
    .masthead{text-align:center;padding:clamp(52px,8vw,82px) 0 0}
    .masthead .kicker{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--teal);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:14px}
    h1{font-size:clamp(33px,5vw,45px);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.026em;font-weight:600;margin:0;text-wrap:balance}
    h1 .name{color:var(--teal)}
    h1 .subtitle{display:block;font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(25px,3.65vw,33px);line-height:1.23;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin-top:5px}
    .authors{margin:25px 0 0;display:flex;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:3px 25px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:19px;font-weight:500}
    .authors a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
    .authors a:hover{color:var(--teal)}
    .affiliations{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;margin:9px 0 0}
    .affiliations span+span::before{content:"·";margin:0 10px;color:#c7b4a7}
    sup{font-size:.65em;color:var(--muted)}
    .links{list-style:none;margin:27px 0 0;padding:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}
    .pill{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px;min-height:40px;padding:10px 17px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--teal);background:var(--teal);color:white;transition:background .15s,border-color .15s}
    .pill:hover{background:var(--teal-dark);color:white;border-color:var(--teal-dark)}
    .pill.secondary{background:white;color:var(--teal)}
    .pill.secondary:hover{background:var(--tint);color:var(--teal-dark)}
    .pill svg{height:15px;width:15px;fill:currentColor;flex:none}
    .lead{margin-top:clamp(40px,7vw,61px)}
    .eyebrow{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.17em;color:var(--teal);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:7px}
    .tldr{font-size:clamp(21px,2.8vw,25px);line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:-.005em}
    .teaser{margin:33px 0 0}
    figure{margin:0}
    .image-frame{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:5px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff}
    .image-frame img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}
    .image-frame:hover img{opacity:.95}
    figcaption{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;line-height:1.56;color:var(--soft);margin-top:11px}
    .fig-num{color:var(--teal);font-weight:700;margin-right:6px}
    .fig-title{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}
    .image-note{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:6px}
    .abstract{background:var(--code);border:1px solid var(--code-line);border-radius:7px;margin-top:32px;padding:23px 25px}
    .abstract h2{font-size:23px;margin:0 0 8px}
    .abstract p{color:var(--soft);font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.68}
    .sections{padding-bottom:86px}
    section.content{padding-top:clamp(45px,6vw,60px)}
    section.content+section.content:before{content:"";display:block;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:clamp(45px,6vw,60px)}
    h2{font-size:clamp(27px,3.5vw,32px);letter-spacing:-.016em;font-weight:600;line-height:1.24;margin:0 0 18px}
    h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:600;margin:30px 0 11px}
    .prose>*+*{margin-top:17px}
    .prose h3{margin-top:30px}
    .prose figure{margin:26px 0 4px}
    .prose figure+*{margin-top:22px}
    .question{border-left:3px solid var(--teal);padding:5px 0 5px 20px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.5;margin:24px 0;color:var(--ink)}
    .problem-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px;margin:24px 0}
    .problem{padding:20px 21px;background:var(--tint);border:1px solid #eddcd0;border-radius:6px}
    .problem .n{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;color:var(--teal);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 8px}
    .problem h3{font-size:19px;margin:0 0 7px}
    .problem p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--soft)}
    .math-panel{padding:19px 16px;border:1px solid var(--code-line);border-radius:7px;background:var(--code);overflow-x:auto;margin:21px 0}
    .math-title{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--teal);font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}
    .math-panel .equation{text-align:center;overflow-x:auto;white-space:nowrap;padding:9px 0 5px;font-size:1.04em}
    .math-panel mjx-container[display="true"]{margin:.35em 0 !important;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}
    .component-list{display:grid;gap:10px;margin-top:14px}
    .component{display:grid;grid-template-columns:124px 1fr;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 0 11px}
    .component:last-child{border:none}
    .component .tag{color:var(--teal);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;font-weight:700}
    .component p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--soft)}
    .architecture{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 245px;align-items:center;gap:30px;margin-top:20px}
    .architecture-figure{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:7px;padding:12px}
    .architecture-figure img{max-height:500px;width:100%;object-fit:contain}
    .arch-item{padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
    .arch-item:last-child{border:none}
    .arch-item h3{font-size:20px;margin:0 0 5px}
    .arch-item p{color:var(--soft);font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.56}
    .result{border:1px solid #e7d1c1;border-left:3px solid var(--teal);border-radius:7px;margin:16px 0;overflow:hidden}
    .result h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.35;margin:0;padding:12px 20px;background:var(--tint-strong)}
    .result-body{padding:17px 20px;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--soft);line-height:1.62}
    .result-body p+p{margin-top:12px}
    .result-body .equation{margin-top:10px;overflow:auto;text-align:center}
    .caption-heading{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--teal);font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.13em;margin-bottom:7px}
    .band{background:var(--tint);border-left:3px solid var(--teal);padding:17px 20px;border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6;margin:24px 0}
    .pathway{padding:18px 18px;background:var(--code);border:1px solid var(--code-line);border-radius:7px;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;justify-content:center;margin:21px 0;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px}
    .pathway span{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:9px 11px;text-align:center}
    .pathway b{color:var(--teal);font-size:17px;font-weight:600}
    .empirical>h3{margin-top:31px}
    .empirical>h3:first-child{margin-top:0}
    .install{background:var(--code);border:1px solid var(--code-line);border-radius:7px;margin-top:18px}
    .install-head{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);padding:10px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--code-line)}
    pre{margin:0;padding:16px 18px;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;font-family:var(--mono);white-space:pre}
    pre code{font:inherit;color:var(--ink)}
    .bib{background:var(--code);border:1px solid var(--code-line);border-radius:7px;margin-top:20px;overflow:hidden}
    .bib-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;padding:10px 15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--code-line);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--mono)}
    .copy{border:1px solid var(--teal);color:var(--teal);border-radius:99px;padding:4px 14px;background:white;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:600;cursor:pointer}
    .copy:hover{background:var(--teal);color:#fff}
    footer{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);padding:18px 0 35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
    footer .foot-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;flex-wrap:wrap}
    dialog{border:0;padding:0;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 18px 70px #2b1b1766;max-width:96vw;max-height:95vh;overflow:hidden;background:white}
    dialog::backdrop{background:#1c1210c9}
    .dialog-header{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:14px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:11px 17px}
    .dialog-header a{font-size:13px}
    .dialog-close{border:0;background:var(--tint);border-radius:50%;font-size:22px;line-height:1;width:30px;height:30px;cursor:pointer}
    dialog img{max-height:calc(95vh - 60px);max-width:95vw;object-fit:contain;display:block;margin:auto}
    @media(max-width:640px){
      body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.61}
      .nav-inner{gap:10px}.nav-links{gap:8px 12px;font-size:12px}
      .masthead{padding-top:44px}.authors{font-size:17px;gap:2px 17px}
      .abstract{padding:19px}.abstract p{font-size:15.5px}
      .problem-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
      .architecture{grid-template-columns:1fr}.architecture-figure{max-width:305px;width:100%;margin:auto}
      .component{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1px}
      .math-panel{font-size:15px}.pathway{flex-direction:column}.pathway b{transform:rotate(90deg)}
      figcaption{font-size:13px}.image-frame{overflow-x:auto}.image-frame.dense img{min-width:590px}
      .links{gap:9px}.pill{font-size:13px;padding:9px 15px}
    }
    @media(max-width:410px){.nav-links a:nth-child(1),.nav-links a:nth-child(3){display:none}.affiliations span{display:block}.affiliations span+span::before{content:none}}

    /* OptScientist-specific details: remain within the BL editorial grid. */
    .figure-caption-detail{color:var(--muted);font-size:12.5px;margin-top:7px;font-family:var(--sans)}
    .figure-pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px;margin:24px 0 4px;align-items:start}
    .figure-pair figcaption{font-size:13px}
    .figure-pair .image-frame{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:7px}
    .plain-frame{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px;border-radius:6px;background:white}
    .plain-frame img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
    .chapter-note{font:600 12px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px}
    .metric-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin:23px 0}
    .metric{border-top:2px solid var(--teal);padding-top:12px}
    .metric strong{display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:27px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.15;color:var(--ink)}
    .metric span{display:block;font:14px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--soft);margin-top:6px}
    .outcome-note{background:var(--tint);border-left:3px solid var(--teal);padding:14px 18px;margin:21px 0;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.6}
    .domain-label{font:700 12px/1.4 var(--sans);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.10em;color:var(--teal)}
    .small-note{font:13px/1.55 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:9px}
    .affiliations span{white-space:normal}
    .reference{margin-top:13px;color:var(--muted);font:14px/1.5 var(--sans)}
    .section-kicker{font:700 11px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--teal);letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:8px}
    #zoom-img{display:block}
    @media(max-width:640px){.figure-pair{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:21px}.metric-strip{gap:12px}.metric strong{font-size:23px}.metric span{font-size:12.5px}.plain-frame{padding:3px}}
    @media(max-width:375px){.metric-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.metric{padding-top:7px}.metric span{margin-top:2px}}
    @media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}
  

/* OptScientist — release design refinement */
:root{
  --teal:#a45e46;
  --teal-dark:#844633;
  --tint:#faf6f2;
  --tint-strong:#f4ebe5;
  --line:#ece6e0;
  --code:#fbf9f7;
  --code-line:#ede6df;
  --soft:#45413d;
  --muted:#77726d;
}
::selection{background:#edddce}
.skip-link{position:absolute;top:-120px;left:10px;background:#fff;color:var(--teal-dark);padding:12px 18px;z-index:1000;font:600 14px var(--sans);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.skip-link:focus{top:10px}
.site-nav{background:#fff}
.wordmark{color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.018em;font-size:14px}
.wordmark span{color:var(--teal)}
.masthead .kicker{letter-spacing:.19em;font-weight:600}
.masthead{padding-top:clamp(54px,7.5vw,76px)}
.masthead h1{letter-spacing:-.029em}
h1 .name{color:var(--teal)}
.links{margin-top:24px}
.pill{transition:background .15s,color .15s,border-color .15s}
.lead{margin-top:clamp(43px,6.5vw,57px)}
.tldr{line-height:1.48}
.teaser{margin-top:32px}
.teaser .image-frame img{border-radius:3px}
figure.research-figure{margin-top:24px}
.image-frame{position:relative;border-radius:3px}
.image-frame:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:5px}
.image-frame:hover img{opacity:1}
.image-frame:hover{filter:contrast(1.01)}
figcaption{line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;font-size:13.5px}
.fig-num{font-weight:700;margin-right:4px}
.fig-title{font-weight:600}
.abstract{background:#fcfaf8;border:1px solid #eee8e2;border-radius:4px;padding:24px 27px}
.abstract h2{font-size:22px}
.abstract p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.68}
h2{letter-spacing:-.018em}
h3{letter-spacing:-.009em}
section.content{padding-top:clamp(48px,6.5vw,67px)}
section.content+section.content:before{border-color:var(--line);margin-bottom:clamp(46px,6.5vw,67px)}
.problem-grid{gap:15px;margin:25px 0 28px}
.problem{background:#fcfaf8;border:1px solid #ebe3dd;border-radius:3px;padding:20px 22px}
.problem .n{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.11em}
.problem h3{font-size:18px}
.question{margin:29px 0 22px;border-left-width:2px;padding-left:18px}
.math-panel{border-radius:3px;padding-top:19px;padding-bottom:17px}
.band{background:#fcfaf8;border-radius:0;border-left-width:2px}
.pathway{border-radius:3px;gap:7px}
.pathway span{border-radius:3px}
.small-note{color:var(--muted)}
.section-kicker{font-weight:600;margin-bottom:11px;letter-spacing:.15em}

/* Scientific studies: full figures, no excerpted case panels. */
.study{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:52px;padding-top:32px}
.study-first{border-top:0;margin-top:31px;padding-top:0}
.study-label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;flex-wrap:wrap;font:600 12px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.105em;color:var(--teal)}
.study-number{font:600 12px/1.5 var(--sans);color:white;background:var(--teal);min-width:25px;height:25px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:50%;letter-spacing:0}
.study-kind{color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.02em;font-weight:500;text-transform:none}
.study h3{font-size:clamp(22px,3vw,25px);line-height:1.34;margin:13px 0 13px}
.study>p{margin:0;font-size:18px;line-height:1.65}
.metric-strip{margin:24px 0 26px;gap:22px}
.metric{border-top:1px solid #d7b4a3;padding-top:14px}
.metric strong{font-size:28px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:var(--teal-dark)}
.metric span{font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-top:7px}
.figure-wide{width:min(965px, calc(100vw - 54px));max-width:none;position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%)}
.figure-wide .image-frame{background:white}
.figure-wide .image-frame img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.figure-wide figcaption{max-width:812px;padding:0 1px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
.figure-optf{margin-top:22px}
.figure-optf .image-frame img{max-width:100%}
.figure-case{margin-top:28px}
.figure-efficiency{margin-top:27px}
.expand-hint{font-size:12px;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--teal);white-space:nowrap}
.discipline-list{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:28px 0 35px}
.discipline{display:grid;grid-template-columns:185px minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:26px;padding:19px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.discipline h3{font:600 16px/1.48 var(--sans);color:var(--teal-dark);margin:0}
.discipline p{font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.61;color:var(--soft)}
.closing-principle{border-top:1px solid #cba38b;border-bottom:1px solid #cba38b;margin:32px 0 5px;padding:23px 6px 27px}
.closing-overline{color:var(--teal);font:600 12px/1.4 var(--sans);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;display:block;margin-bottom:13px}
.closing-principle p{font-size:clamp(19px,2.9vw,23px);line-height:1.52;letter-spacing:-.005em}
#citation .bib{border-radius:3px}
#citation .reference{color:var(--muted);font-size:13.5px}
@media(max-width:640px){
  .abstract{padding:19px 20px}
  section.content{padding-top:44px}
  section.content+section.content:before{margin-bottom:44px}
  .study{margin-top:37px;padding-top:25px}
  .study-first{margin-top:25px;padding-top:0}
  .study h3{font-size:21px}
  .study>p{font-size:17px}
  .metric-strip{gap:12px;margin:21px 0}
  .metric strong{font-size:23px}
  .metric span{font-size:12.5px}
  .figure-wide{width:100%;left:auto;transform:none}
  .figure-wide figcaption{font-size:12.75px}
  .figure-optf .image-frame{overflow:visible}
  .figure-optf .image-frame img{min-width:0}
  .figure-case{margin-top:22px}
  .discipline{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px;padding:17px 0}
  .discipline p{font-size:16px}
  .closing-principle{padding:21px 0}
}

/* Full-figure viewer: fit, zoom, and scroll at any screen size. */
#zoom-dialog{width:min(95vw,1210px);max-width:95vw;max-height:94vh;overflow:hidden;border-radius:6px}
#zoom-dialog .dialog-header{gap:18px;padding:10px 15px;font-weight:600;min-height:51px}
#zoom-title{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:0;flex:1}
.dialog-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;flex:none}
.zoom-step,.zoom-reset{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--ink);height:28px;min-width:28px;border-radius:3px;cursor:pointer;font:600 15px var(--sans)}
.zoom-reset{padding:0 9px;font-size:12px}
.zoom-step:hover,.zoom-reset:hover{background:var(--tint)}
.zoom-step:disabled{opacity:.35;cursor:default}
#zoom-open{margin:0 6px 0 7px;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--teal);text-decoration:none;font:600 12px/1.4 var(--sans)}
#zoom-open:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.zoom-viewport{height:min(78vh,830px);max-height:calc(94vh - 55px);overflow:auto;background:#faf9f7;text-align:center;overscroll-behavior:contain}
#zoom-img{display:block;max-height:none;max-width:none;width:auto;height:auto;margin:10px auto}
#zoom-dialog .dialog-close{flex:none;background:#f8f3ee;color:var(--ink)}
@media(max-width:640px){
  #zoom-dialog{width:98vw;max-width:98vw;max-height:94vh}
  #zoom-dialog .dialog-header{padding:8px 10px;gap:7px}
  #zoom-title{font-size:11px}
  .dialog-actions{gap:4px}
  #zoom-open{font-size:10px;margin:0 1px 0 3px}
  .zoom-reset{padding:0 5px}
  .zoom-step,.zoom-reset{height:26px;min-width:25px}
  .zoom-viewport{height:78vh}
}